Dual immune checkpoints inhibition: Cancer treatment and immunological modes of action

Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) are immune checkpoint inhibitors that effectively esteemed destinations of immunotherapies for the management melanoma several cancers. The monotherapy included monoclonal antibodies approved such as Ipilimumab, Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab planned to restrict with T-cell inhibitory signals activate responses Combined treatment blockers can promote results compared in specific patient groups these clinical advantages be reported from particular mechanisms action. Although, combinations present important challenges raised rates related adverse incidents.
 Keywords: Cancer, Checkpoint Inhibitors, T-cell, Immunotherapy, Biomarker